Skye Arundhati Thomas

Narendra Modi has had his hand forced by a group of meme-making students and members of the Indian working class. It began with an insult. In May, the Chief Justice of India called the unemployed youth of the country ‘cockroaches’. Abhijeet Dipke, a Dalit university student finishing a master’s degree in Boston, responded: ‘What if all cockroaches come together?’

On 10 September 2025, the environmental activist and community leader Sonam Wangchuk began a 35-day hunger strike, along with fourteen other people, in protest at the collapse of talks between Ladakh and Delhi. On 24 September, as the hunger strikers’ conditions were worsening, demonstrators took to the streets. A group entered a BJP building in Leh and set it on fire. The central government cut off mobile data, imposed a curfew and banned public gatherings. Four protesters were killed with live rounds. Wangchuk, who had appealed for calm, was arrested on 26 September and taken 1300 kilometres from Leh to Jodhpur.

The Bollywood actor Kangana Ranaut visited the Israeli embassy in Delhi at the end of October for a photo op. ‘Like we deserve a Bharat dedicated to Hindus, Jews also deserve one nation,’ she said. ‘As a Hindu nation we stand with Israel’s cause.’ The Israeli ambassador nodded, smiling, and the two held up a model of a fighter jet. The visit was part of the publicity run for the movie Tejas, in which Ranaut plays a daredevil pilot who volunteers for a mission to rescue a kidnapped Indian spy from ‘a Pakistani tribal area, the epicentre of terror’ (‘when in doubt,’ she tells herself, ‘think about the nation’).

‘Please drop your snatched weapons here,’ says the sign on a public drop box in Imphal, the capital of Manipur. It’s illustrated with full-size images of assault rifles. In early May, sectarian violence escalated in the north-eastern Indian state. Groups of civilians seized more than four thousand weapons from police and paramilitary warehouses.

There are more than three thousand glacial lakes in Pakistan. The Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountains that stretch from Afghanistan to China are host to 55,000 glaciers. It’s the largest freshwater reserve in the world outside the poles. It feeds the ten mightiest rivers in Asia, on whose banks more than two billion people work and live; they also power 250 hydroelectric plants. Thirty-three of Pakistan’s glacial lakes are at risk of releasing millions of cubic metres of water; sixteen flooded during this year’s heatwave, the overflow entering the Indus River basin. The worst, however, was yet to come.