Jungle Joys
Alfred Appel Jr: Wa-Wa-Wa with the Duke, 5 September 2002
“... Sam’ projected the essence of ‘jungle’ techniques. Following the example of King Oliver, they developed a wider variety of often speech-like growling and wa-wa sounds by humming and/or gargling gutturally in their throats while blowing legitimate musical notes on brass instruments that were distorted by various metal mutes and/or the manual ... ”