“... obfuscating misbeliefs which can only be shown up and corrected by a knowledge of the past. This self-deception about the history of the family has particularly affected Western Europeans. Frenchmen, Germans or Englishmen, unless they have come across the work of recent historical sociologists, are likely to believe the following. That the co-resident ...”

Pity the monsters

Richard Altick, 18 December 1980

The Elephant Man 
by Bernard Pomerance.
Faber, 71 pp., £2.25, June 1980, 0 571 11569 1
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The Elephant Man: the Book of the Film 
by Joy Kuhn.
Virgin, 90 pp., £6.95, October 1980, 9780907080091
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The Elephant Man 
by Christine Sparks.
Futura, 272 pp., £1.25, August 1980, 0 7088 1942 7
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The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences 
by Frederick Treves.
Star, 126 pp., £95, August 1980, 0 352 30747 1
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The Elephant Man and Other Freaks 
by Sian Richards.
Futura, 197 pp., £1.25, October 1980, 0 7088 1927 3
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The True History of the Elephant Man 
by Michael Howell and Peter Ford.
Allison and Busby, 190 pp., £6.95, March 1980, 0 85031 353 8
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“... and what Leslie Fiedler calls in his recent book on freaks ‘myths and images of the secret self’. None of these phenomena except possibly the last, however, can explain the fascination which the Elephant Man had for the working-class patrons of the show in the Whitechapel Road, or the social celebrities who flocked to drink tea with Merrick in his ...”

Antediluvianism

J.M. Roberts, 22 January 1981

Europe: Privilege and Protest 1730-1789 
by Olwen Hufton.
Fontana, 398 pp., £2.50, May 1980, 0 00 636109 9
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“... the Middle Ages were still going strong in 1789. Serfdom, patrimonial jurisdiction, the economic self-sufficiency of the estate centred on the great house were still realities determining the whole tone of society over huge tracts of Eastern and Central Europe. Even in what we have learned carelessly to call ‘advanced’ countries (the adjective itself is ...”

Owning Mayfair

David Cannadine, 2 April 1981

Survey of London. Vol. 40: The Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2. The Buildings 
edited by F.H.W. Sheppard.
Athlone, 428 pp., £55, August 1980, 0 485 48240 1
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“... the Survey of London began life as one of those ventures in historical preservation and national self-regard which burgeoned in the 1890s and 1900s, and included the National Trust, Country Life, the Burlington Magazine, the Victoria County History, the Dictionary of National Biography and the Historical Monuments Commission. All were concerned with ...”

Full-Employment Utopias

Christopher Hill, 16 July 1981

Utopia and the Ideal Society: A Study of English Utopian Writing, 1516-1700 
by J.C. Davis.
Cambridge, 427 pp., £25, March 1981, 0 521 23396 8
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Science and Society in Restoration England 
by Michael Hunter.
Cambridge, 232 pp., £18.50, March 1981, 0 521 22866 2
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“... below the rank of gentleman were few indeed, though some – like Sir William Petty – were self-made. ‘Those of high rank’ tended to monopolise discussions, which accordingly often became ‘trivial’. Many ‘serious scientists’ ceased to attend. Sprat’s History of the Royal Society was a propagandist document, which attempted – whilst ...”

Diary

Fraser MacDonald: Remembering Nan Shepherd, 23 January 2025

“... Gunn to the National Library of Scotland in 1971. But the letters seem unencumbered by writerly self-consciousness. Gunn and Shepherd didn’t meet often – Andrews notes that ‘their friendship exists mostly in their letters’ – but over more than forty years they developed a rare kind of ease. Shepherd addresses him as ‘Neil me lad’. He tells her ...”

It’s a shitshow

Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite: Thatcher’s Failed Experiment, 8 May 2025

Inside Thatcher’s Monetarism Experiment: The Promise, the Failure, the Legacy 
by Tim Lankester.
Policy, 227 pp., £19.99, May 2024, 978 1 4473 7135 9
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“... in Britain for much of the 1920s and 1930s. For Keynes, this was proof that the economy was not a self-correcting machine: when unemployment was high, governments must use fiscal and monetary policy to increase aggregate demand, kickstarting the deployment of resources lying idle. But Keynes also saw the effects of hyperinflation in Weimar Germany. Far from ...”

The Unfortunate Posset

Alice Hunt: Your Majesty’s Dog, 26 December 2024

The Scapegoat: The Brilliant Brief Life of the Duke of Buckingham 
by Lucy Hughes-Hallett.
Fourth Estate, 630 pp., £30, October 2024, 978 0 00 812655 1
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“... Catholicism – or anything that looked like it – was not fully appreciated by James, and his self-curated role as Rex Pacificus was seen, by an increasingly Puritan Parliament, as unheroic, even iniquitous. Buckingham shifted his loyalties towards Charles, and away from peace towards war. He was, by this point, the country’s leading politician, on a ...”

Exquisite Americana

Tom Stevenson: Trump and US Power, 5 December 2024

“... Affairs at Johns Hopkins University, puts it, under Trump the US acts ‘in the same narrowly self-interested, frequently exploitative way as many great powers throughout history’. Trump is not an isolationist, to the extent the term has any useful meaning, and does not propose a withdrawal from world power. On the contrary, Brands writes, on some ...”

Manic Beansprouts

Adam Thirlwell: On Yoko Tawada, 21 November 2024

The Bridegroom Was a Dog 
by Yoko Tawada, translated by Margaret Mitsutani.
Granta, 85 pp., £12.99, May 2024, 978 1 80351 132 0
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Spontaneous Acts 
by Yoko Tawada, translated by Susan Bernofsky.
Dialogue, 137 pp., £15.99, July 2024, 978 0 349 70423 4
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Suggested in the Stars 
by Yoko Tawada, translated by Margaret Mitsutani.
Granta, 229 pp., £12.99, October 2024, 978 1 80351 099 6
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“... was German. But Patrik, who won’t be restricted by nationality, won’t accept Celan’s self-characterisation either. ‘Celan was writing in the middle of the world of multilingualism. In my opinion, he didn’t just translate, he sang in his translations. He sang in Romanian, Russian, French, Hebrew and English until he had no voice left.’ In ...”

Double-Time Seabird

Michael Hofmann: Halldór Laxness does both, 4 April 2024

The Islander: A Biography of Halldór Laxness 
by Halldór Guðmundsson, translated by Philip Roughton.
MacLehose, 486 pp., £25, September 2023, 978 1 5294 3373 9
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“... goal my whole life: to become an Icelandic writer.’The reader is made aware of opinionatedness, self-confidence, indomitability, mercuriality, application, aggression. Qualities not attractive in themselves, and often put to the service of poorer ends. Guðmundsson frequently mentions Laxness’s charm. He asked a lot of his mother, his wives and his ...”

In-Betweeners

Malcolm Gaskill: Americans in 16th-Century Europe, 18 May 2023

On Savage Shores: How Indigenous Americans Discovered Europe 
by Caroline Dodds Pennock.
Weidenfeld, 302 pp., £22, January, 978 1 4746 1690 4
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“... not discern [them] from Inglish men’. Exile, voluntary or otherwise, provided opportunities for self-reinvention. Leonard Ragapo, who came to England with Raleigh, became a society celebrity and generous host, ‘not after the ordinarie rude manner of the Indians’, according to the adventurer Robert Harcourt, ‘but in a more civill fashion, and with much ...”

An Efficient Man

Andy Beckett: A Nazi in Chile, 10 July 2025

38 Londres Street: On Impunity, Pinochet in England and a Nazi in Patagonia 
by Philippe Sands.
Weidenfeld, 453 pp., £25, April 2025, 978 1 4746 2074 1
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“... and British establishments, during his detention as well as his dictatorship, Schweitzer’s self-consciously civilised manner and superficially reasonable arguments about Chile’s right to govern itself were distractions from the electrocutions and ejections from helicopters in which the Pinochet regime specialised. Sands’s admission that he was a ...”

What Universities Owe

Vincent Brown, 24 July 2025

Yale and Slavery: A History 
by David W. Blight.
Yale, 432 pp., £14.99, April, 978 0 300 28184 2
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“... wealth with the remark: ‘It is extremely difficult for the best of Men to divest themselves of Self-Interest.’ Indeed, the foundations for Connecticut Hall, the oldest surviving building on Yale’s campus, were laid in 1750 by a team of free and enslaved workers. The anti-slavery movement took encouragement from the American Revolution. In New ...”

Never use your own car

J. Robert Lennon: Elmore Leonard’s Superpower, 25 September 2025

Swag 
by Elmore Leonard.
Penguin, 226 pp., £9.99, June, 978 0 241 75541 9
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The Switch 
by Elmore Leonard.
Penguin, 199 pp., £9.99, June, 978 0 241 75542 6
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Rum Punch 
by Elmore Leonard.
Penguin, 263 pp., £9.99, June, 978 0 241 75540 2
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“... from the start. Rereading the novel, I kept thinking about Mickey’s transformation from naif to self-actualised cynic in The Switch and wished that Jackie had been given room to grow. The early scene in which Jackie resists Ordell is particularly telling. We’ve already seen Ordell post bond for someone he wants to silence. We know what’s meant to ...”