“... cell lines. As well as the obvious ones, they discovered a large number of genes with completely unknown functions that are nonetheless essential for cell survival. There’s still a lot of cell biology we not only don’t understand, but don’t know we don’t understand. Techniques using CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt genes in cells that we can study in the lab ...”

“... the end – which meant: ‘to discover or find out for oneself (something previously concealed or unknown, as a person’s true character, an undiscovered fact etc)’. The verb is now overwhelmingly associated with the Enlightenment activity of bringing something or someone ‘to a fuller or more advanced state’ – to ‘develop’ now ...”

“... behaviour seems inconsistent with Saul’s view of her. He gets off, as if in a reverie, with an unknown woman dressed as a nurse who seems to have wandered out of the Beatles’ ‘Penny Lane’ and reminds him of poppies, and when he mentions these on the phone while ordering a bouquet for Jennifer, it almost makes the florist cry. Describing Jack, a ...”

“... habitation, to disinter ancient remains, the protagonists are spooked both by the presence of unknown watchers and by the fear that the plane due to collect them at the end of summer will never turn up. The people in Summerwater also feel watched, if only by one another. And they’re cut off (although Glasgow is just an hour away), because there’s no ...”

“... as an ‘iconology of the interval’ and it is the empty spaces in the panels, filled with unknown and uncertain matter, that hold the images in constellations of thought. In the final three panels, the present day begins to intrude. An advertisement for body lotion in Panel 77 shows an airborne girl carrying a laurel wreath besides the words Sieg der ...”

“... as any other citizen.’ This, Dicey asserted, was the meaning of the rule of law, a concept unknown to Napoleonic systems, which privileged and insulated public administration, but which the English judges had made the basis of our constitution. Dicey’s axiom, however, that officials and citizens alike may not act without legal justification, is ...”

“... Our understanding of women’s literary culture has also been expanded to include works by unknown authors that were written for a female audience. The Ancrene Wisse and the Middle English translation of The Doctrine of the Hert, guidebooks to the spiritual life composed for anchoresses and nuns respectively, may be thought of as women’s writing. But ...”

“... term has been in use since at least the composition of Laus Pisonis (‘Praise of Piso’) by an unknown author in the first century ce. Edmund Spenser’s shepherds complain that there is no ‘Mecoenas’ in England in the 1570s. Voltaire told the Duc de Brancas that he was tired of poets comparing their patrons to Maecenas and wasn’t going to ...”

“... all. Not because ambiguous or even apparently aggressive interactions with boats are a completely unknown behaviour in orcas – there are scattered cases going back to the early 1800s – but because they are so rare. Given how many opportunities orcas have for interacting with vessels, and how much certain populations have suffered at the hands of human ...”

“... works of public art currently inaccessible to locals: the flying shield of the Monument to the Unknown Soldier, completed in 1982; and the Victory Arch, completed in 1989 to celebrate the ‘triumph’ over Iran – a gargantuan replica of Saddam’s fists, in which he holds crossed swords that rise to an apex of forty metres above the entrance to ...”

“... to discover/uncover the film’s rhythmic structure’. His thrill is the pursuit of the unknown: ‘In spite of the technical wizardry that surrounds us in the 21st century, working on a film is the closest many of us will ever come to signing on with the crew of a 16th-century galleon, sailing halfway around the world across unmapped seas.’If ...”

“... to be within genes. They were almost all found in parts of the genome whose function, if any, was unknown. Our genes make up only about 2 per cent of our DNA. Together with another 8 per cent or so of the genome, they encode important biological functions. The other 90 per cent is junk DNA (that’s the proper term). It doesn’t do anything bad – the ...”

“... his talk of ‘my country’, he knows, as does his narrator, that ‘the artist is a native of an unknown country’ and that, for all the corresponding talk of buildings, cathedrals and ‘foundations’, his book is like those of Bergotte, irritatedly described by that super-patriot, Norpois, as having ‘no foundation’ (and as ‘altogether lacking in ...”

“... Shakspere’ was baptised at Holy Trinity Church on 26 April 1564. The actual date of his birth is unknown. The convention that it was 23 April, St George’s Day, is a wishful synchronicity first mooted in the 18th century; Thomas De Quincey’s counter-suggestion, that the date chosen for his granddaughter’s wedding – 22 April – commemorated his ...”

“... will know that the Persian Man ruled in Egypt’, but even this was withdrawn to the centre at an unknown date for unknown reasons – statues are like chess pieces in the ancient Near East, full of power and significance, always being kidnapped, rescued and triumphantly returned. Perhaps the profligate stone-chiselling ...”