Double Barbarism

Sheila Fitzpatrick: Stalin under the Blanket, 8 October 2026

Always under Siege: Olga Freidenberg’s Diary-Theory and the Everyday Terror of Stalinism 
by Irina Paperno.
Cornell, 244 pp., £23.99, March, 978 1 5017 8583 2
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“... and ritual observance. Paperno even detects a ‘biopolitical’ aspect, anticipating Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, in Freidenberg’s attention to the effects of control on the individual human body.As well as insisting on its value as political theory, Paperno sees Freidenberg’s writing as a powerful ‘self-ethnography’, comparable with ...”

Even Immortality

Thomas Laqueur: Medicomania, 29 July 1999

The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present 
by Roy Porter.
HarperCollins, 833 pp., £24.99, February 1999, 0 00 637454 9
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“... Porter might resist the suggestion, his history is in some degree influenced by the views of Foucault and Maurice Canguilhem, who argued that ‘life’ as we understand it became an object of study in the early 19th century and that its regulation opened a new arena for the exercise of power. (We do not need 20th-century thinkers to make this point. The ...”

Roaming the Greenwood

Colm Tóibín: A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition by Gregory Woods, 21 January 1999

A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition 
by Gregory Woods.
Yale, 448 pp., £24.95, February 1998, 0 300 07201 5
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“... in the pursuit of the kinds of happiness that post-liberation gay life was meant to consist of’. Foucault, too, realised that happiness for homosexuals was a serious transgression and remarked: ‘People can tolerate two homosexuals they see leaving together, but if the next day they’re smiling, holding hands and tenderly embracing one another, then they ...”

Loaded Dice

Thomas Chatterton Williams: Ta-Nehisi Coates, 3 December 2015

Between the World and Me 
by Ta-Nehisi Coates.
Text, 152 pp., £10.99, September 2015, 978 1 925240 70 2
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“... of black subjectivity in the visceral, constructed fact of ‘the body’, a device derived from Foucault by way of feminist discourse. Coates returns again and again to his desire to ‘unshackle my body and achieve the velocity of escape’. His own family proved a haven of stability, but he writes affectingly of his parents’ harsh discipline, of ...”

Defoe or the Devil

Pat Rogers, 2 March 1989

The Canonisation of Daniel Defoe 
by P.N. Furbank and W.R. Owens.
Yale, 210 pp., £20, February 1988, 0 300 04119 5
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The ‘Tatler’: Vols I-III 
edited by Donald Bond.
Oxford, 590 pp., £60, July 1987, 0 19 818614 2
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The ‘Spectator’: Vols I-V 
edited by Donald Bond.
Oxford, 512 pp., £55, October 1987, 9780198186106
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“... of the series, its immovability and its unchangeable pattern. ‘The history of ideas,’ says Foucault, ‘usually credits the discourse it analyses with coherence.’ In the Tatler, discourse is as discourse does, day after day, week after week. The gaps are out in the open, intervals between the dates proclaimed in the masthead. Coherence is reduced to ...”

Faith, Hope and Probability

Mary Douglas, 23 May 1991

The Taming of Chance 
by Ian Hacking.
Cambridge, 264 pp., £27.50, November 1990, 0 521 38014 6
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“... revenue and military strength. Then the collection of numbers created a new motive, what Foucault called bio-politics, information aimed at controlling classes of people or the whole society. It was important for private and government actuaries to know how to predict rates of sickness, and between 1820 and 1840 numerical regularities about disease ...”

Theory and Truth

Frank Kermode, 21 November 1991

Minor Prophecies: The Literary Essay in the Culture Wars 
by Geoffrey Hartman.
Harvard, 252 pp., £23.95, October 1991, 0 674 57636 5
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Spinoza and the Origins of Modern Critical Theory 
by Christopher Norris.
Blackwell, 240 pp., £30, July 1990, 0 631 17557 1
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What’s wrong with Postmodernism: Critical Theory and the Ends of Philosophy 
by Christopher Norris.
Harvester, 287 pp., £40, October 1990, 0 7450 0714 7
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“... modern political implications of Spinoza’s rationality, what Habermas says about Freud and how Foucault might have reacted to it – we are returned again and again to a credal, and not truly deconstructed, defence of reason. Deconstruction has to stop somewhere, it is admitted, but the choice of terminus can be puzzling. It seems strange that a literary ...”

Gesture as Language

David Trotter, 30 January 1992

A Cultural History of Gestures: From Antiquity to the Present 
edited by Jan Bremmer and Herman Roodenburg.
Polity, 220 pp., £35, December 1991, 0 7456 0786 1
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The New Oxford Book of 17th-Century Verse 
by Alastair Fowler.
Oxford, 830 pp., £25, November 1991, 0 19 214164 3
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“... out that the two historians who have done most to encourage this view are Norbert Elias and Michel Foucault. In The Civilising Process, first published in 1939, Elias argued that a rising European bourgeoisie sought to discipline itself by a complex regulation of bodily impulses and gestures which amounted to a restructuring of personality. ...”

Textual Harassment

Claude Rawson, 5 April 1984

The World, the Text and the Critic 
by Edward Said.
Faber, 327 pp., £15, February 1984, 0 571 13264 2
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The Deconstructive Turn: Essays in the Rhetoric of Philosophy 
by Christopher Norris.
Methuen, 201 pp., £4.95, December 1983, 0 416 36140 4
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The New Pelican Guide to English Literature. Vol. VIII: The Present 
edited by Boris Ford.
Penguin, 619 pp., £3.50, October 1983, 0 14 022271 5
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“... discussion. Among the more strictly theoretical pieces the best is a long chapter on Derrida and Foucault, which includes a well-executed discussion of the Hamlet mis-performance in Great Expectations and the light this throws on the deconstructive process. The best expository treatment of the latter remains, in my view, Christopher Norris’s ...”

It’s she, it’s she, it’s she

Joanna Biggs: Americans in Paris, 2 August 2012

Dreaming in French: The Paris Years of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, Susan Sontag and Angela Davis 
by Alice Kaplan.
Chicago, 289 pp., £17, May 2012, 978 0 226 42438 5
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As Consciousness Is Harnessed to Flesh: Diaries 1964-80 
by Susan Sontag.
Hamish Hamilton, 544 pp., £18.99, April 2012, 978 0 241 14517 3
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“... Genet defended her in the media and wrote the foreword to a pamphlet published by Michel Foucault’s Groupe d’Information sur les Prisons called The Assassination of George Jackson. (Jackson had been shot in prison just before his trial started; the others were acquitted.) Foucault, who was working on Discipline ...”

What’s your dust worth?

Steven Shapin: Corpses, 14 April 2011

After We Die: The Life and Times of the Human Cadaver 
by Norman Cantor.
Georgetown, 372 pp., £18.75, December 2010, 978 1 58901 695 8
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“... ignorant of its fate and at the same time anxious to know about it. In The Birth of the Clinic, Foucault wrote that the practices of dissection in the 18th and 19th centuries brought the human corpse out of the dark cultural space of ‘gloomy respect’ into the light of science, where, its interior revealed to the public gaze, ‘the corpse became the ...”

As if Life Depended on It

John Mullan: With the Leavisites, 12 September 2013

Memoirs of a Leavisite: The Decline and Fall of Cambridge English 
by David Ellis.
Liverpool, 151 pp., £25, April 2013, 978 1 84631 889 4
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English as a Vocation: The ‘Scrutiny’ Movement 
by Christopher Hilliard.
Oxford, 298 pp., £57, May 2012, 978 0 19 969517 1
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The Two Cultures? The Significance of C.P. Snow 
by F.R. Leavis.
Cambridge, 118 pp., £10.99, August 2013, 978 1 107 61735 3
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“... English teacher, his authority would soon have been relinquished for Barthes and Derrida and Foucault. Some of the convictions that sustained him now seem odd relics. Hilliard details the mythologisation in Scrutiny of a lost world where labourers were creative artisans rather than alienated wage slaves. In particular Leavis recommended George Sturt’s ...”

The Rise and Fall of the Baggy-Trousered Barbarians

Sheila Fitzpatrick: Soviet historiography, 19 August 2004

Vixi: Memoirs of a Non-Belonger 
by Richard Pipes.
Yale, 264 pp., £19.95, January 2004, 0 300 10165 1
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Adventures in Russian Historical Research: Reminiscences of American Scholars from the Cold War to the Present 
edited by Samuel Baron and Cathy Frierson.
Sharpe, 272 pp., £18.50, June 2003, 9780765611970
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“... possible ‘social support’ claim, magically depoliticised and legitimised by reference to Foucault. The revisionists could scarce forbear to cheer, if a little wistfully. They were singing our song. Pipes might say (but let him say it to Kotkin) that ‘Stalinist civilisation’ was a mere blip, perhaps even a mirage, on the 73-year journey towards ...”

Cultural Judo

Anthony Grafton: Alberti and the Ancients, 21 November 2024

Leon Battista Alberti: Writer and Humanist 
by Martin McLaughlin.
Princeton, 377 pp., £30, June 2024, 978 0 691 17472 3
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“... the time, however, he may well have understood his career in very different terms, as that of what Foucault called a ‘writer function’, whose texts were perfected, if not executed, in close collaboration with trusted counsellors.Many riddles remain. What religion, if any, did Alberti believe in? He often clothed Christian terms and structures with ...”

Oh, My Aching Back

Roy Porter, 2 November 1995

The History of Pain 
by Roselyne Rey, translated by Elliott Wallace and J.A. Cadden , and S.W. Cadden.
Harvard, 394 pp., £25.50, October 1995, 0 674 39967 6
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“... taken upon the testimony of the patient.’ Things changed, thanks to the emergence of what Michel Foucault dubbed the new ‘clinical gaze’. The traditional bedside question – ‘What is the matter?’ – gave way to the modern: ‘Show me where it hurts.’ Diagnosis switched from subjective symptoms to objective signs – and power shifted from patient ...”