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... The value and interest of the three examinations of Gramsci which I began to discuss last week in the first part of this article is that they concentrate upon his view of politics: nobody concerned with such problems can avoid finding almost every page of Gramsci and Marxist Theory1 and Gramsci’s Politics2 absorbing; as for Gramsci and the State,3 while it is undeniably a repository of some of the obscurest paragraphs ever written about the man, the reader will also discover the most monumental and exhaustive analysis of his life and ideas in relation to Third International Leninism ...

How Green Is Russia?

Tony Wood: Russia’s Energy Crisis, 6 October 2022

Klimat: Russia in the Age of Climate Change 
by Thane Gustafson.
Harvard, 312 pp., £31.95, October 2021, 978 0 674 24743 7
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... of geopolitical and military concerns in its statecraft, and for the weakness of civil society (Antonio Gramsci called it ‘gelatinous’). The invasion of Ukraine may seem a traditional instance of Great Power projection, but it was partly a response to the diminution of Russian power Gustafson foresees – an overcompensation by aggressive military ...

‘We used to have fun’

Andy Beckett: Gordon Brown Reconsidered, 19 March 2026

Gordon Brown: Power with Purpose 
by James Macintyre.
Bloomsbury, 325 pp., £25, February, 978 1 5266 7341 1
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... form and sustain. While Macintyre says that Brown is an ‘admirer’ of the Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci, he did not seem to believe, even when he was arguably the most powerful person in Britain in the late 1990s and early 2000s, steering Labour’s domestic policy, that the ‘common sense’ which underlay public opinion and political ...

Another Tribe

Andy Beckett: PiL, Wire et al, 1 September 2005

Rip It Up and Start Again: Post-Punk 1978-84 
by Simon Reynolds.
Faber, 577 pp., £16.99, April 2005, 0 571 21569 6
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... collective of musicians and non-musicians named after an approximation of the title of a book by Antonio Gramsci. They were based in a London squat, took speed, read philosophy books, talked all night and gradually developed a unique ramshackle sound. Their first record was called ‘Skank Bloc Bologna’. It ebbed and flowed for twice the duration of a ...

We can breathe!

Gabriel Winant: Anti-Fascists United, 1 August 2024

Everything Is Possible: Anti-fascism and the Left in the Age of Fascism 
by Joseph Fronczak.
Yale, 350 pp., £25, February 2023, 978 0 300 25117 3
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... support street confrontations with fascists, a tactic Bordiga opposed, despite his rival Antonio Gramsci taking a different view? Should they form a ‘united front’ against the threat – as Zetkin argued, and the German communist Willi Münzenberg attempted in the form of the Comintern-backed Action Committee against War Danger and ...
... dimension, but the two tendencies are deeply entangled. Every contemporary critic longs to be what Gramsci called an ‘organic’ intellectual, connected by elective affinities with a cause, a social movement, a collective programme. This means that criticism cannot simply be an objective body of techniques, but must include an autobiographical moment of ...

Ranks of Humanity

Thomas Meaney: West of where?, 24 September 2026

The West: The History of an Idea 
by Georgios Varouxakis.
Princeton, 491 pp., £35, September 2025, 978 0 691 17718 2
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... colonial conquests, made it less precarious than the autocracies of the East. Communists such as Antonio Gramsci, who recognised that the methods which had worked in the East would not work in the West, adopted the categories to clarify the strategic difference. In the East, it was possible for vanguard parties to seize power, whereas in the West ...

Lunch with Mussolini

Thomas Jones: Ferrari Speeds Ahead, 14 August 2025

Enzo Ferrari: The Definitive Biography of an Icon 
by Luca Dal Monte.
Cassell, 520 pp., £12.99, February 2025, 978 1 78840 475 4
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... the racetrack. It wouldn’t be the last.In 1920 he was hired as a driver by Alfa Romeo, joining Antonio Ascari and Giuseppe Campari there. When he came second in the Targa Florio, frustrated not to have won, he wept ‘like a child’ and vowed never to race again. It was an empty promise, or threat, that he would make and break repeatedly over the course ...

Why children’s books?

Katherine Rundell, 6 February 2025

... optimistic than I am, because my dread for the world is not good meat: it will nourish nobody. Antonio Gramsci famously wrote, in Letters from Prison, three years into being jailed for his criticism of Mussolini’s fascist state: ‘I am a pessimist because of intelligence, but an optimist because of will.’ There’s a willed optimism inherent in ...

New Life on the West Bank

J.M. Winter, 7 January 1988

... One of Antonio Gramsci’s most compelling distinctions is between two kinds of political struggle. What he variously called the ‘war of manoeuvre’ or the ‘war of movement’ entailed the seizure of state power. This is not a problematic concept, and has as its clear model the Bolshevik experience. Understandably, in the inter-war years, this was the destination of Communist politics, but under the harsh circumstances of Fascist rule, it could only have been the ultima ratio, and not the prima ratio, of political action ...

In the Potato Patch

Jenny Turner: Penelope Fitzgerald, 19 December 2013

Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life 
by Hermione Lee.
Chatto, 508 pp., £25, November 2013, 978 0 7011 8495 7
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... works. In Innocence (1986), the highlight is the astonishingly precise and sympathetic portrait of Antonio Gramsci, dying in a Roman prison. Tolstoy himself does not appear in The Beginnings of Spring (1988), but his legacy does, in several variations, comic, beautiful, menacing. Her last novel, The Blue Flower (1995), recounts scenes from the youth of ...

Land without Prejudice

Perry Anderson: Berlusconi’s Italy, 21 March 2002

... difficulty lay in the overall evolution of the PCI since the war. The Party had received from Antonio Gramsci, whose Prison Notebooks were first published in 1948, a great intellectual inheritance. Out of it, with whatever elements of tactical selection or distortion, the PCI created a mass political culture without counterpart on the European ...

At the Guggenheim

Hal Foster: Italian Futurism , 20 March 2014

... the most talented futurists, such as the painter and sculptor Umberto Boccioni and the architect Antonio Sant’Elia, to early deaths. A modernist movement that is both radical and reactionary is hardly an oxymoron, but it is still a problem to puzzle over, and in some ways futurism is the prototypical avant-garde of the 20th century. It raised the modernist ...

Another Country

Adam Shatz: Visions of America, 5 February 2026

... a desire for diversion from domestic failure, recalling the ‘gladiatorial futility’ that Antonio Gramsci contrasted with America’s authentic innovations in his essay on ‘Americanism and Fordism’. Inflation is running at 2.7 per cent, and the Republican Party’s midterm prospects aren’t promising. MAGA is bedevilled by divisions over ...

An Invertebrate Left

Perry Anderson, 12 March 2009

... of the country to industrial workers in the North. It also had a richer intellectual heritage, in Gramsci’s newly published Prison Notebooks, whose significance was immediately recognised well beyond the party. At its height, the PCI could draw on an extraordinary range of social and moral energies, combining both deeper popular roots and broader ...

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