An Urbane Scholar in a Wilderness of Tigers

Robert Irwin: Albert Hourani, 25 January 2001

A Vision of the Middle East: An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani 
by Abdulaziz Al-Sudairi.
Tauris, 221 pp., £12.99, January 2000, 9781860645815
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... this “distinguished intellect” would tell us about Christian charity and speak of Kant, Plato, Hegel, Aristotle, Jesus and Thomas Aquinas very enthusiastically, knowing that nine out of ten people in his audience had never heard of these philosophers.’ For Malik, culture was to be largely understood in terms of masterpieces produced (mostly) by ...

Kripke versus Kant

Richard Rorty, 4 September 1980

Naming and Necessity 
by Saul Kripke.
Blackwell, 172 pp., £7.95, May 1980, 0 631 10151 9
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... What, intuitive reader, are the truth-conditions of ‘Aristotle was less religious than Plato’? Philosophers of language have to supply truth-conditions in such puzzle-cases; it is their job. But it is not clear that the man in the street is going to be of much help to either side in the controversy. Still, even if we have no intuitions about ...

Alpha and Omega

Dan Jacobson, 5 February 1981

Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation 
by D.H. Lawrence, edited by Mara Kalnins.
Cambridge, 249 pp., £12.50, October 1980, 0 521 22407 1
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... been thought necessary to gloss references to Lenin, Alexander the Great, the Archangel Gabriel, Plato and Nirvana. It might be added that line-numbers (in fives) are given in the margins throughout the texts: an ugly and unnecessary mode of typographical embalming. As for the Revelation, the last book of the Christian scriptures, perhaps all that needs to ...

I sympathise with the child

Christian Lorentzen: Ben Lerner’s ‘Transcription’, 23 April 2026

Transcription 
by Ben Lerner.
Granta, 130 pp., £14.99, April, 978 1 80351 380 5
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... much I don’t like – that every discovery is a rediscovery. Cinema recovers cave. This is Plato, too. Anamnesis. Because for all of us the first experience of language is voices travelling through the mother’s body …There is listening beyond the cochlear, yes? And all of this is true of time, too, not only sound. Vibrations from the past or future ...

Grounds for Despair

John Dunn, 17 September 1981

After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory 
by Alasdair MacIntyre.
Duckworth, 252 pp., £24, July 1981, 0 7156 0933 5
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... role of the eminently ‘modern’ issue of egoism in the moral thought of both Socrates and Plato, to which MacIntyre hardly does justice. A third ground is the balance in his account between the consequences for morality of abandoning Aristotle and those of abandoning Christianity. Apart from the question of truth and falsity, there is no doubt more ...

Aristotle and Women

Jonathan Barnes, 16 February 1984

Science, Folklore and Ideology 
by G.E.R. Lloyd.
Cambridge, 260 pp., £25, July 1983, 0 521 25314 4
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... is a bird insofar as it flies and not a bird insofar as it is viviparous and suckles its young.’ Plato refers to the riddle about the eunuch and the bat to illustrate the way in which all perceptible things ‘dualise’ between being and not-being. Dualisers are popular in folklore. In Homer, the souls of the dead twitter like bats in a cave. Aesop’s ...

House of Frazer

J.W. Burrow, 31 March 1988

J.G. Frazer: His Life and Work 
by Robert Ackerman.
Cambridge, 348 pp., £35, December 1987, 0 521 34093 4
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... bar, chiefly, it seems, at the insistence of his father. His successful fellowship dissertation on Plato, however, determined the course of his life. Trinity was to be his home until his marriage in middle life; in a sense, it remained so always. The closest and most significant of his Cambridge friendships was with Robertson Smith, fellow Scot, outstanding ...

Diary

Jerry Fodor: Why the brain?, 30 September 1999

... good at the other. So Veblen held, maybe naively, that society ought to be run by engineers; and Plato held, maybe even more naively, that it ought to be run by philosophers. Whereas, if you’re on the rationalist side of this debate, you won’t be surprised to find every sort of intellectual sophistication cohabiting with every sort of naivety, and will ...

Worrying Wives

Helen King: The Invention of Sparta, 7 August 2003

Spartan Women 
by Sarah Pomeroy.
Oxford, 198 pp., £45, July 2002, 0 19 513066 9
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... not for household use? Did the practice change over time? Pomeroy suggests that Xenophon and Plato ‘exaggerate the Spartans’ liberation from weaving’ in order to make Sparta seem more opposed to the norms of Greek life. As for the mirror handles, Homer called Sparta the ‘land of beautiful women’, famous for their height and their healthy good ...

Kettle of Vultures

Jamie Martin: A History of Interest, 16 November 2023

The Price of Time: The Real Story of Interest 
by Edward Chancellor.
Penguin, 398 pp., £12.99, September, 978 1 80206 015 7
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... debtors, shady lenders, and the ethical dubiousness of charging interest. In the Republic, Plato insisted that interest-bearing loans put the polis at risk of revolt by the immiserated poor.The danger posed by interest necessitated controls, the most enduring of which was in Deuteronomy 23, which forbade the Israelite from charging interest to his ...

After Chaironeia

Rosalind Thomas, 24 September 2026

Polis: A New History of the Ancient Greek City-State from the Early Iron Age to the End of Antiquity 
by John Ma.
Princeton, 713 pp., £25, April, 978 0 691 26003 7
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... city-states existed elsewhere, but it was the polis of the ancient Greek world that inspired Plato and Aristotle’s theories about the ideal state. Poleis preceded the classical Greek period of the fifth and fourth centuries BC, and in either vigorous or diminished form extended into the Hellenistic period (after the death of Alexander in 323 BC) and ...

What’s next?

James Wood: Afterlives, 14 April 2011

After Lives: A Guide to Heaven, Hell and Purgatory 
by John Casey.
Oxford, 468 pp., £22.50, January 2010, 978 0 19 509295 0
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... have – practical ethics rather than spiritual hoarding. Casey is not especially drawn to the Plato who would so influence Christianity, the Plato who goes against the Greek idea of the afterlife as a shadowy and half-real place; nor does he much care for Pericles’ rather chilly ideal of civic devotion as eternal ...

A Comet that Bodes Mischief

Sophie Smith: Women in Philosophy, 25 April 2024

How to Think like a Woman: Four Women Philosophers Who Taught Me How to Love the Life of the Mind 
by Regan Penaluna.
Grove, 296 pp., £9.99, March, 978 1 80471 002 9
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The Routledge Handbook of Women and Early Modern European Philosophy 
edited by Karen Detlefsen and Lisa Shapiro.
Routledge, 638 pp., £215, June 2023, 978 1 138 21275 6
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... Cyrenaics, Platonists, Epicureans and Stoics are all thought to have had female participants. Plato admitted at least two women into his academy, Lasthenia of Mantinea and Axiothea of Phlius (Axiothea is said by Diogenes to have worn men’s clothes); his Symposium is our only source for the philosopher and priestess Diotima, who, with Aspasia, is one of ...

Beware Bad Smells

Hugh Pennington: Florence Nightingale, 4 December 2008

Florence Nightingale: The Woman and Her Legend 
by Mark Bostridge.
Viking, 646 pp., £25, October 2008, 978 0 670 87411 8
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... philosophy and history. She became fluent in French and Italian, was translating Homer and Plato in her teens, and at 19 was learning German. Her knowledge of geology was said by the president of the Geological Society to be bold and broad. Her Unitarian background cultivated an ethos of good works inspired by a belief in the individual’s moral ...

Our Supersubstantial Bread

Frank Kermode: God’s Plot, 25 March 2010

A History of Christianity: The First 3000 Years 
by Diarmaid MacCulloch.
Allen Lane, 1161 pp., £35, September 2009, 978 0 7139 9869 6
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... and observe dietary laws. The Greek of these Jews was what modern scholars, at ease with Plato and Sophocles, loftily call ‘marketplace’ Greek. It was quite unlike Aramaic, a Semitic dialect, and unlike Latin, the language of the Roman oppressor, though Paul used Latin to obtain release from prison. Like Cicero, he was a Roman citizen. Such is ...