Before the Revolution

J.D. Gurney, 2 July 1981

Iran: Religion, Politics and Society 
by Nikki Keddie.
Frank Cass, 243 pp., £13.50, October 1980, 0 7146 3150 7
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Towards a Modern Iran 
edited by Elie Kedourie and Sylvia Haim.
Frank Cass, 262 pp., £14.50, October 1980, 0 7146 3145 0
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Islam in the Modern World 
by Elie Kedourie.
Mansell, 332 pp., £10, December 1980, 0 7201 1570 1
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... by or on behalf of the late Shah, or from those first blow-by-blow accounts assembled by the international press corps, crowding into the Inter-Continental Hotel to witness the last days of the ancien régime. Glamorous titles, such as Iran: La Poudrière or Les Secrets de la Révolution Islamique, rarely bring any deeper analysis. The more ...

Snobs v. Herbivores

Colin Kidd: Non-Vanilla One-Nation Conservatism, 7 May 2020

Remaking One Nation: The Future of Conservatism 
by Nick Timothy.
Polity, 275 pp., £20, March 2020, 978 1 5095 3917 8
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... the run-up to the 2017 general election, Theresa May might now be steering us through the Covid-19 crisis: trusted, sensible and reliable, however costively unimaginative and incapable of the nimble feats of very un-Conservative gymnastics so far performed by Boris Johnson’s chancellor, Rishi Sunak. And without that late surge, Johnson’s chief ...

The Talk of Turkey

Stephen O’Shea: Should Turkey be worried?, 28 November 2002

... hotels and offices, but this portrait was startlingly rakish. Our talk came to an end when a group of middle-aged men in shiny suits burst in, all of them sporting carefully trimmed, crescent-shaped moustaches and the glossy, tanned complexions seen on political smoothies everywhere. After a round of perfunctory handshakes they left as quickly as they ...

Progressive, like the 1980s

John Gray: Farewell Welfare State, 21 October 2010

... between the Milibands and marital disharmony in the Balls family is competition within this small group. The new politics which is supposedly emerging around Ed Miliband looks like being not much more than a further iteration of this Namierite struggle, as Miliband entrenches his position by marginalising potential rivals. In its reliance on the advice and ...

Wrong Again

Bruce Cumings: Korean War Games, 4 December 2003

... have similarly exaggerated the North Korean threat: indeed, the second North Korean nuclear crisis began in October 2002, when ‘sexed-up’ intelligence was used to push Pyongyang against the wall and make bilateral negotiations impossible. The complacent US public seems unperturbed by Bush’s failure so far to find a single WMD in Iraq, even if the ...

Incapable of Sustaining Weeds

Tom Stevenson: What happened in Tigray, 25 January 2024

Understanding Ethiopia’s Tigray War 
by Martin Plaut and Sarah Vaughan.
Hurst, 459 pp., £25, February 2023, 978 1 78738 811 6
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... repeatedly requested access and was usually denied. This was a strategy clearly intended to limit international scrutiny. What was, on the ground, a tremendous din of atrocities was transformed into a quiet war, out of sight and out of mind.Until war broke out, the big story in Ethiopia had been the remarkable rise to power of its prime minister, Abiy ...

Marx at 193

John Lanchester, 5 April 2012

... the remaking of social order which accompanies that; and capitalism’s inherent tendency for crisis, for cycles of boom and bust. I should, however, admit that I haven’t quoted these sentences exactly as Marx wrote them: where I wrote ‘capitalism’, Marx had ‘the bourgeoisie’. He was talking about a class and the system which served its ...

Not a Single Year’s Peace

Thant Myint-U: Burma’s Problems, 21 November 2019

... villas adjoined slums with no running water or electricity. Western sanctions meant international aid was reduced to a bare minimum. Rackets and rent-seeking became stronger than state institutions. Virtually no one paid tax.Things began to change around 2010. Than Shwe, who had been Burma’s dictator since 1992, was in his mid-seventies, and ...

Stupid Questions

Laleh Khalili: Battlefield to Boardroom, 24 February 2022

Risk: A User’s Guide 
by Stanley McChrystal and Anna Butrico.
Penguin, 343 pp., £20, October 2021, 978 0 241 48192 9
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... The origin myth of today’s US special forces is the Iran hostage crisis of 1979. A group of college students had seized the US embassy in Tehran, demanding the extradition of the shah to stand trial in Iran. In an attempt to rescue the 52 US diplomats and military officers in the building, the Pentagon flew Delta Force troops in a C-130 transport aircraft from an island off Oman to the Great Salt Desert near the town of Tabas, where they were to meet helicopters launched from the USS Nimitz in the Arabian Sea ...

The Seductions of Declinism

William Davies: Stagnation Nation, 4 August 2022

... looming recession for ever, but in the short term, here was evidence that the ‘cost of living’ crisis, manifest in spiralling energy and food costs, isn’t afflicting everybody. For participants in the housing market (many of whom also built up their savings during lockdown), inflation is still comparatively innocuous, while interest rates remain low by ...

Some Tips for the Long-Distance Traveller

Ghaith Abdul-Ahad: How to Get to Germany, 8 October 2015

... in opposite directions: on the one side, heading away from town and into the wilderness was a group of European pensioners – Germans and Brits – all dressed in bright outdoor gear, stout boots and T-shirts. They all looked anxious. In the other direction came the migrants, marching to the town, many leaving their countries for the first time, all ...

First Recourse for Rebels

Tom Stevenson: Financial Weaponry, 24 March 2022

The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War 
by Nicholas Mulder.
Yale, 434 pp., £25, March 2022, 978 0 300 25936 0
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... terms of trade and GDP the world has three poles: the United States, the EU and China. But in the international financial system a single state has overwhelming power. The vast majority of transnational payments are routed through US banks. US treasury bonds are the de facto reserve asset around the world. The Fed is the global supplier of liquidity in times ...

Who’s best?

Douglas Johnson, 27 September 1990

The Rise and Fall of Anti-Americanism: A Century of French Perception 
edited by Denis Lacorne, Jacques Rupnik and Marie-France Toinet, translated by Gerald Turner.
Macmillan, 258 pp., £35, August 1990, 0 333 49025 8
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... war criminals and were pouring money into Germany. In Paris a story went the rounds of how a group of wealthy Americans went to a famous restaurant and ordered a magnificent meal. Asked what wine they had chosen, they said they wanted Coca-Cola, whereupon the proprietor ordered them to leave. In those days, one of the Paris telephone exchanges was named ...

What did Khrushchev say?

Miriam Dobson: ‘Moscow 1956’, 2 November 2017

Moscow 1956: The Silenced Spring 
by Kathleen E. Smith.
Harvard, 448 pp., £23.95, April 2017, 978 0 674 97200 1
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... a glimpse behind the scenes at the congress, which brought together leading figures from the international communist movement and high-profile figures from the Soviet Union, many of whom had known one another for decades. As they convened in Moscow in February 1956, three years after Stalin’s death, most had little real sense of the new political ...

The Revolutionary Decade

Tom Stevenson: Tunisia since the Coup, 17 November 2022

... cent vote recorded for ‘yes’ allowed Saied to claim a resounding victory, but since local and international monitors hadn’t been able to observe the voting, it’s impossible to trust the result. Saied had prepared the ground by filling the Independent High Authority for Elections with his own supporters, dissolving the High Judicial Council, and firing ...