Not all coal is the same. The lowest ranks – the closest to peat – are lignite and sub-bituminous coal, known in Britain as brown coal. These have been estimated to make up nearly a third of proved global reserves, but are not much exploited in areas where higher-grade coal is available, because they produce a lot of smoke and relatively little heat (they are also difficult to...
Anne & Betty: United by the Struggle by Anne Scargill and Betty Cook. Women of the Durham Coalfield in the 20th Century: Hannah’s Daughter by Margaret Hedley. Coal Country: The Meaning and Memory of Deindustrialisation in Postwar Scotland by Ewan Gibbs. 2 more books reviewed
The politics of class hasn’t disappeared, though its articulations have not remained the same. Deindustrialisation has led to a cascade of changes in the economy and society; its impact on Britain’s coalfields since the 1980s has been severe. But it doesn’t inevitably mean a decline in workers’ rights and collective security. That depends on politics.