How to Write It

Sanjay Subrahmanyam

• BuyIndia after Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy by Ramachandra Guha
  Macmillan, 900 pp, £25.00, April 2007, ISBN 978 0 230 01654 5
• BuyThe Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence and India’s Future by Martha Nussbaum
  Belknap, 403 pp, £19.95, June 2007, ISBN 978 0 674 02482 3

It may seem perverse to begin an essay on India by invoking a historian of France: Eugen Weber, who died this year, a colleague of mine and a formidable presence at UCLA. He wrote a book in 1976 on how France became a proper nation by transforming ‘peasants into Frenchmen’. But the Weber I knew, and bantered with during the last years of his life, also had an Indian past of which he felt periodically obliged to speak, though he spoke of it to me with discomfort. Born in Bucharest, Weber was sent to school in England, served in the Second World War as a captain in the King’s Own Scottish Borderers, and in the course of his service spent the mid-1940s in India, after earlier stints in Belgium and Germany. Demobilised in 1947, he went to Cambridge, and devoted the rest of his life to history, mostly French history. He maintained his affection for India and visited it a few times in later years. It was an affection that was tempered by chilling memories of the religious violence he had witnessed at close quarters in 1946-47; hence the discomfort he felt in talking about it.