Vol. 21 No. 17 · 2 September 1999
pages 29-31 | 3680 words

Abolish everything!
Andrew Hussey
- The Situationist City by Simon Sadler
MIT, 248 pp, £24.95, March 1998, ISBN 0 262 19392 2
It is not by chance that the history of the Situationist International reads like an account of a military campaign. During their first, ‘artistic’ phase, which ran roughly from the group’s foundation in 1957 through to the early Sixties, the Situationists were at war with what they contemptuously termed ‘the civilisation of the image’. Their enemies, in ascending order of importance, were work, leisure, boredom, advertising, modern art and, above all, the tendency of cultures of mass production to turn real life into an endless series of frozen gestures or ‘spectacles’. Their originality lay in the claim made in 1967 by Guy Debord in The Society of the Spectacle that the forces of ‘spectacular domination’ could be fought and defeated on their own terms. Unlike their close contemporaries in the postwar French Left, Socialisme ou Barbarie, the group led by Cornelius Castoriadis, the Situationists saw their project both as a critique of modern capitalism and its alienating social processes, and as a set of solutions that the dead language of classical French Marxism was unable to provide. The war against the ‘spectacular society’ was to be a long one: ‘The fact is that a critique capable of surpassing the spectacle,’ Debord wrote, ‘must know how to bide its time.’
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Letters
Vol. 21 No. 21 · 28 October 1999
From Phil Edwards
Andrew Hussey's article on the Situationists and Guy Debord (LRB, 2 September) was marred by some curious errors. Debord defined the potlatch as a 'sumptuary gift' ('cadeau somptuaire'), not a 'sumptuous gift'. It's also difficult to see why Hussey turns Debord's 'entraîne un repli défensif' into 'seems to lead to a defensive withdrawal'. Hussey's history seems shaky. I believe the word 'situationist' was coined by Debord, not Constant Nieuwenhuis; Debord first used it in January 1956. It was not Debord who showed the journal Potlatch to Asger Jorn, but Enrico Baj; Jorn sought Debord out on the strength of it.
Lastly, Hussey relates the Situationists' 'psychogeographic' wanderings to their critique of the 'spectacle'. In fact, the generalisation of the concept of the spectacle dates from Debord's encounter with the group Socialisme ou Barbarie in 1960; this was also the last year in which the theory of psychogeography or the practice of 'drifting' played any significant part in the Situationists' work. In effect the spectacle displaced the drift.
Phil Edwards
Manchester
Vol. 21 No. 23 · 25 November 1999
From Andrew Hussey
Phil Edwards criticises me for relating the Situationists' psychogeographic wanderings to their critique of the spectacle (Letters, 28 October). However, the whole point of Simon Sadler's first-rate book is to show how psychogeography and Debord's notion of 'unitary urbanism' were an integral part of what would become the concept of the spectacle. It was therefore of signal importance for Debord, as Henri Lefebvre himself points out, that Constant Nieuwenhuis first used the term 'situation' in the Situationist sense in his 1953 work Pour une architecture de situation. As Lefebvre put it, it is impossible to believe that Guy Debord, irrepressible intellectual magpie, had not read this book before January 1956. One of the problems of writing Situationist history is that the current generation of Debord's admirers take his version of events at face value. As he himself said, 'le jeu est sérieux, funeste, parfois sanglant, sacré, mais il n'en est pas moins un jeu.'
Andrew Hussey
University of Wales<br />Aberystwyth