To hell with the new society! It’s only Gennady who can get wrapped up in it and spend hours reading what Lenin and Stalin said and about the achievements of our Soviet Union. ...

Read more about Pessimism and Boys: the diary of a Soviet schoolgirl

No one disputes that the British electoral system before 1832 was a mockery of representation. Members of Parliament did not want or pretend to be representative: the word ‘democracy’...

Read more about Shoy-Hoys: The not-so-great Reform Act

Too Much: a history of masturbation

Barbara Taylor, 6 May 2004

Lounging in a boat​ anchored near his home, daydreaming about a ‘pretty wench’ he’d spotted in Westminster earlier that day, Samuel Pepys became so aroused that he ejaculated...

Read more about Too Much: a history of masturbation

In the summer of 782, ‘4500 Saxon prisoners were beheaded on a single day at Verden on the River Aller in northern Saxony, on the orders of Charlemagne, King of the Franks.’ So,...

Read more about Go away and learn: Charlemagne’s Superstate

Thanks to Michel Foucault and Discipline and Punish, history students now graduate knowing more about the history of the body than about the English Civil War or the Industrial Revolution. At the...

Read more about Never Knowingly Naked: 17th-century bodies

Some years ago, a National Enquirer headline announced that Martians had killed off the dinosaurs while visiting Earth to do some big-game hunting. It is hard to imagine such an explanation for...

Read more about When Pigs Ruled the Earth: a prehistoric apocalypse

In the middle of the Depression, Roosevelt’s Works Progress Administration (WPA) set out to increase American purchasing power by getting the unemployed back to work. For the most part they...

Read more about Tang and Tone: The Federal Writer’s Project’s American epic

Chiang Kai-shek celebrated his 50th birthday (by the Chinese way of counting) in October 1936. To mark the occasion, every schoolchild in the country – or in those parts not already...

Read more about Would he have been better? Chiang Kai-shek

Short Cuts: ‘Scouting for Boys’

Thomas Jones, 4 March 2004

I never was a boy scout. Not because I had anything against camping, making fires, tying knots, reading maps, climbing trees, playing at soldiers or pretending to be a spy, but because the idea...

Read more about Short Cuts: ‘Scouting for Boys’

Narcotic drugs taken for recreational purposes were, until comparatively recently, mainly associated with the ‘Orient’. They were used in Europe only by ‘Orientals’ and...

Read more about Strew the path with flowers: cannabis and empire

Gardening today labours to be classless. TV programmes and books try to persuade us that we, whoever we are, can make over scrubby lawns, erect decking, build pergolas, plumb in water features,...

Read more about Imparadised: cultivation and desire in Renaissance gardens

Assertrix: Mary Wollstonecraft

Elizabeth Spelman, 19 February 2004

It’s a rare champion of justice who is not rather partial to the injustices that grease the gears of his or her everyday life. Feminists know this all too well: 19th-century white women...

Read more about Assertrix: Mary Wollstonecraft

Seven Miles per Hour: The men who invented flight

Robert Macfarlane, 5 February 2004

It’s hard, in our age of budget flights and short hops, to appreciate the glamour of early aviation. Yet for fifteen years or so – from the late 1890s until the opening months of the...

Read more about Seven Miles per Hour: The men who invented flight

The women who invented beauty came from far away. They lied about their ages and their origins and the source of their magic; their secrets were known only to certain chemists and secretaries and...

Read more about Rinse it in dead champagne: The women who invented beauty

The Emperor Nero died on 9 June 68 CE. The Senate had passed the ancient equivalent of a vote of no-confidence; his staff and bodyguards were rapidly deserting him. The Emperor made for the...

Read more about Four-Day Caesar: Tacitus and the Emperors

The Battle of Edmonton, which began early in the morning of 12 December 1745, appeared to the combatants to have decided the nation’s future. The military details will be familiar to many...

Read more about Taking Sides: on the high road with Bonnie Prince Charlie

Short Cuts: dictators’ bunkers

Thomas Jones, 8 January 2004

‘Satan’s Grotto’ was the caption to the picture of Saddam Hussein’s hidey-hole on the front page of the Sun the day after the ex-dictator was captured by American forces....

Read more about Short Cuts: dictators’ bunkers

Working under Covers: Mata Hari

Paul Laity, 8 January 2004

It takes a special man to resist Hilda von Einem. A German spy in John Buchan’s Greenmantle (1916), she is a ‘known man-eater’, who tries to inspire a rising of ‘Muslim...

Read more about Working under Covers: Mata Hari