William Cecil, First Baron Burghley, served Elizabeth I for nearly forty years, as principal secretary and lord treasurer, and left an enormous body of papers. His correspondence, now dispersed...

Read more about Crypto-Republican: Was Mary Queen of Scots a Murderer?

Belts Gleaming: Uri Avnery

Charles Glass, 11 June 2009

Uri Avnery’s two wartime memoirs, now collected as 1948: A Soldier’s Tale, were published in Hebrew in 1949 and 1950. In the first of them, In the Fields of the Philistines, the...

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Mighty Causes: the English Civil Wars

Mark Kishlansky, 11 June 2009

Thomas Hardy, it is said, believed the history of humanity could be written in six words: ‘They lived, they suffered, they died.’ As a historical account this was more than adequate....

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Some time ago the scholar Jean-Pierre Vernant reminded us that Greek gods are not persons but forces; and in Anne Carson’s Oresteia, her sharp, sceptical, often laconic version of three...

Read more about Let’s Cut to the Wail: The Oresteia according to Anne Carson

¿Vamos Bien? Cuba and America

Eric Hershberg, 28 May 2009

Colin Powell’s service to the cause of regime change wasn’t confined to Iraq. George W. Bush got him to chair his Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba, which in 2004 produced a...

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Going up to Heaven: Before the Pill

Susan Pedersen, 28 May 2009

John Sayles’s film Lianna broke new ground in 1982 with its portrait of a young wife and mother who comes out as a lesbian. Equally ground-breaking was a scene early in the film in which...

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David Hume once remarked that the English had the least national character of any people in the universe. Perhaps this was a cunning Scottish put-down, since character is just what the English...

Read more about Leave me alone: Terry Eagleton joins the Yeomen

Ground motions from the earthquake in Abruzzo, more than 100 kilometres away, woke my neighbours in their beds, though I managed to snore my way through it all. I live in a flat on the top floor...

Read more about Short Cuts: Thomas Jones retreats to his cave

Young men who join gangs are participating in an alternative system of social cohesion. Each gang upholds its collective will through a range of penalties which include death, torture and...

Read more about Protection Rackets: Gang Culture in the Middle Ages

Colin Kidd’s study of Scottish Unionism goes, as he himself insists, sternly against the prevailing ideological current, which is focused on the emergence of political nationalism in both...

Read more about Managed by Ghouls: Unionism’s Graveyard

Bloody Glamour: Giuseppe Mazzini

Tim Parks, 30 April 2009

On 22 February 1854, James Buchanan, then the American ambassador in London but soon to be president of the US, celebrated George Washington’s birthday with a dinner to which Giuseppe...

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The winter of 1947 was Europe’s coldest since 1880. In Britain, a fuel shortage effectively halted industrial production for three weeks and led to a sixfold increase in unemployment. In...

Read more about Should we say thank you? The Overrated Marshall Plan

In a diary entry for 11 August 1936, the German writer and journalist Friedrich Percyval Reck-Malleczewen recalled his first meeting with Adolf Hitler. It was in 1920, at the Munich home of his...

Read more about Vases, Tea Sets, Cigars, His Own Watercolours: Nazi Toffs

Pinzolo is a sleepy Alpine resort in northern Italy, about an hour’s drive from Trento. Today, it is a prosperous place, living off winter and summer tourism, but for most of the last...

Read more about How should they remember it? War in the Alps

The practice of recent American presidents, in absolving criminal defendants and suspects from the penal consequences of their offending and remitting sentences, has been viewed by many British...

Read more about At the White House’s Whim: the Power of Pardon

Cuba or the Base? Guantánamo

Piero Gleijeses, 26 March 2009

‘Once the United States is in Cuba, who will drive them out?’ José Martí, the father of Cuban independence, asked from his New York exile in 1889. Six years later, as...

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Short Cuts: The French Foreign Legion

Jeremy Harding, 26 March 2009

The Foreign Legion is in the doghouse again, as it is from time to time in France. The scandal turns on a 25-year-old Slovakian, Jozef Svarusko, who died of heart failure in Djibouti last year,...

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You can’t just march into someone else’s country, give it entirely arbitrary boundaries, decide to rule it with only the minimum of resources, settle an alien population on its best...

Read more about ‘This is Africa, after all. What can you expect?’: Corruption and Post-Imperialism