{"footnote":"\u003Cp\u003E  The XY sex-determination system has its own sexist backstory. It was discovered by the geneticist Nettie Stevens, who in 1905 noted that the sperm cells of mealworms contained either an unusually  small, withered chromosome, which generated sperm-producing offspring when the cell was used to fertilise an egg, or a regular-sized chromosome, which led to egg-producing offspring. Yet her senior  colleague, Edmund Beecher Wilson, is usually credited with the breakthrough. Wilson saw Stevens\u0026rsquo;s results before they were published and hurried his own paper into the \u003Cem class=\u0022emphasisClass\u0022\u003EJournal of Experimental  Biology\u003C\/em\u003E, of which he was an editor.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","audio":[],"video":[]}