The war that broke out in 1914 was the first in which highly industrialised and urbanised states were to be found on both sides, and industrial muscle and urban stamina counted for as much as...

Read more about The People Must Be Paid: capital cities in World War I

Sempre Armani: Peacockery

John Harvey, 7 May 1998

One men’s jacket by Vivienne Westwood is an exaggerated male torso made of tinted pearls, while another is made of coloured ostrich feathers. There is a man in a plastic blue and yellow space jacket,...

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Through the Gullet: Medieval recipes

Helen Cooper, 16 April 1998

During the Christmas celebrations of 1251, Henry III and his court ate their way through 830 deer of various kinds, 200 wild swine, 1300 hares and 115 cranes. Basic supplies for the feast to mark...

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Tuscanini: olives

James Davidson, 16 April 1998

At a party once in Highbury I opened a door, stepping into what I thought might be a bathroom and found myself in an olive grove. Two other guests had found it before me. The smoke from their...

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Ian Gilmour is one of the most leftwing figures in British politics: a feat he has achieved by not moving. He remains upright amid the ruins of a Keynesian political economy while the two major...

Read more about Why One-Nation Tories can no longer make an impression on the political establishment: Gilmour’s Way

Hooked: Mega-Fish

Margaret Visser, 16 April 1998

‘A species of fish too well known to require any description,’ reads the entry for cod in the Cyclopedia of Commerce and Commercial Navigation (1858). ‘It is amazingly...

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If you can’t keep a good man down, it’s no wonder if that genuine rarity, a very good man, sometimes seems to be incessantly on the up and up. The Dalai Lama has already achieved...

Read more about Close Relations: Tibet and the Dalai Lama

The 17th-century antiquary John Selden spent his life deciphering Greek inscriptions and interpreting Near Eastern myths. No scholar of his time had more experience with the historical study of...

Read more about Botticelli and the Built-in Bed: The Italian Renaissance

‘Power’ is the buzz word for the late Nineties, and when it comes to power-mania imperial Rome has always been hard to beat. On the one hand, there is the rogues’ gallery:...

Read more about Dead Eyes and Blank Faces: expression under Nero

What did they name the dog? Twins

Wendy Doniger, 19 March 1998

Once upon a time, two identical twins were separated at birth; neither knew she had a twin. Years later, they chanced to be in the same place at the same time, and each was mistaken for the...

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Comparative Horrors: delatology

Timothy Garton Ash, 19 March 1998

I recently received a letter from a German theatre director, objecting to a passage of my book The File in which I wrote that, back in the Stalinist Fifties, an East German friend of mine had...

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When Browning’s grammarian, grown old and bald and sick, was urged to get out of his cell and see a bit of life before he died, he replied that he still had work to do: ‘Grant I have...

Read more about Enemy of the Enemies of Truth: The history of the footnote

‘Positively medieval,’ we say, implying a scheme of historical periods which underlies most of what we think and do. The Middle Ages, to 1485, were barbarous and, luckily for them,...

Read more about The vanquished party, as likely as not innocent, was dragged half-dead to the gallows: Huizinga’s history of the Middle Ages

In 1954 I was stationed near Versailles, doing my national service with the 93rd Infantry Regiment. I had been called up for 12 months, but like many young Frenchmen of that unlucky generation, I...

Read more about A Glass of Whisky in One Hand and Lenin in the Other: the end of French Algeria

Whose Nuremberg Laws? race

Jeremy Waldron, 19 March 1998

Race is something which shouldn’t matter, but which has mattered and therefore has to matter. In a world uncontaminated by injustice, we could regard heritable differences in skin...

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‘Woad, used by Queen Boadicea’s warriors as war paint, is making a comeback on the Fens of East Anglia,’ runs a recent press report. Perhaps the reporter had already read Joan...

Read more about Up Horn, down Corn: alternative agriculture

Australia’s first Government House, built for Captain Arthur Phillip when he arrived with the first fleet of convicts and settlers in 1788, was demolished in 1846 to make way for the...

Read more about White Lie Number Ten: Australia’s aboriginal sovereignty

Making It: New Feminism?

Melissa Benn, 5 February 1998

There was something unsettling about the serried ranks of New Labour women elected on 1 May last year. All those structured smiles and cheerful jackets gathered round our leader made me feel like...

Read more about Making It: New Feminism?