Horsey, Horsey

John Sturrock

• The Search for the Perfect Language by Umberto Eco, translated by James Fentress
  Blackwell, 385 pp, £24.95, September 1995, ISBN 0 631 17465 6
• Mimologics by Gérard Genette, translated by Thaïs Morgan
  Nebraska, 446 pp, £23.95, September 1995, ISBN 0 8032 2129 0

Anyone who has ever felt drawn to the remote but seductive question of what form the first human language may have taken will have been stirred the other day by Gillian Shephard’s announcement that the Government is going to spend (a very little) money on coaching our young inarticulates so that they stop ‘grunting’ and start using words. This looks rather like an attempt to recapitulate on the cheap the slow linguistic evolution of the species, as Trevor McDonald and his fellow therapists educate the grunters out of the animal and into the human state. Except, of course, that the grunts complained of are not natural phenomena but already signs, an admittedly crude but still authentic element of culture. All grunts are not identical, either in the way they sound or in what they may be taken to mean. They depend for their interpretation on how grunters grunt, in response to what, and who they grunt to (or at). They are not to be so easily dismissed as prehistoric intruders in our otherwise eloquent midst.